ABSTRACT
Background: Tuberculosis [TB] is one of the oldest diseases known to affect humans, it caused by infection with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis [MTB]. MTB is most commonly transmitted from a patient with infectious pulmonary TB to other person by droplet nuclei. End Stage Renal Disease [ESRD] patients are exposed to a variety of infections, including TB. The standard test for detecting Latent TB infection [LTBI] is tuberculin skin test [TST]
Objective: Determination the prevalence of latent tuberculosis among end stage renal disease patients in hemodialysis unit in Baghdad teaching hospital, and assessing its correlations with various conditions
Methods: A stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 71 patients of ESRD in hemodiaylsis unit in Baghdad teaching hospital. The selected patients were interviewed using a structured pretested questionnaire. Two units of PPD [0.1mL] had been injected intradermally to the volar surface of forearm to be seen within 48-72 hours. The test was considered positive if [>=10mm induration] developed
Results: The study showed the rate of tuberculin reactivity among End Stage Renal Disease [ESRD] patients is 28.57%. About 57.14% of patients were male; mean age of patient was 54.34 +/- 15.25 years. The major cause of renal impairment were diabetes mellitus [DM] 52.86%, followed by hypertension 15.71%, duration of dialysis more than 6 months was 46.67%. History of contact with active tuberculosis patient was 62.5%
Conclusion: Significant relationship between history of contact with active TB patients, duration of dialysis, and age of patients with TST positivity
ABSTRACT
Background: Tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases known to affect human, it caused by infection with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, which is part of a complex organisms including M.bovis [reservior cattle] and M.africanum [reservior human]. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis is most commonly transmitted from a patient with infectious pulmonary TB to other person by droplet nuclei which are aerosolized by coughing, sneezing or speaking. Health care workers are exposed to a variety of infections, including TB. The standard test for detect latent TB infection is tuberculin skin test [Mantox test] using purified protien derivatives if Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Objective: Is to estimate the rate of TB transmission from patients with active disease to the Health care workers, and also to study the relation of different variables to the transmission risk including [Gender, Vaccinations, and Duration of contact or occupation duration]
Subjects and Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study done in Ibn Zuhur hospital and Ibn alkhateeb hospital between April and May 2013. One hundred and two health care workers were included in this study [50] HCWs from Ibn zuhur hospital and [52] health care workers from Ibn alkhateeb hospital. 5 units of PPD [0.01 ml] had been injected intradermally to the volar surface of forearm to be seen within 48-72 hours. The test was cinsidered positive if [> = 10 mm induration] developed
Results: The study shows the rate of tuberculin reactivity among health care workers 25.5% [26/102] a significant relationship between duration of work in hospital and tuberculin reactivity among HCWs. 50] HCWs from Ibn zuhur hospital their age ranging between 24-48 years mean 36 year, 34[86%] were male and 16[32%] female and 52 HCWs from Ibn Alkhateeb hospital their age ranging between 21-43 years mean 32 year, 42 [81%] were male and 10 [19%] female in Ibn zuhur hospital 32% [16/50] Ward nursing staff 5-10 years work duration shows the higher rate [38.5] followed by laboratory staff 5-10 years [28.57%] and then doctors < 5 year's work [25%] ,service workers 2-5 years' work shows [22.22%]. While in Ibn Alkhateeb hospital 19% [10/52] Ward nursing staff 5-10 years work duration shows the higher rate [27%] followed by laboratory staff [20%] and then service workers 2-5 years' work shows 12.5% while doctors < 5 years work duration shows 8.5%
Conclusion: Health care workers have high rate of latent TB infection. Their positivity correlated with the duration of their job. Health care workers with negative tuberculin skin test should be immunized with BCG vaccine
ABSTRACT
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is an acquired chronic autoimmune disease.Treatment when indicated is usually by corticosteroids,then splenectomy if no acceptable response,with variable response rate to both types of treatment. To look for the effects of certain variables on the type of response to steroid therapy in patients with adult idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and to study the outcome of splenectomy in relation to previous steroid therapy. A prospective study on 80 patients, presented with bleeding and a platelet count of
ABSTRACT
The association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] and weight loss has long been recognized and is a common clinical observation and it is one of the systemic manifestations of COPD. A number of studies have identified weight loss and low body mass index [BMI] as independent predictors of mortality and worse prognosis. We have undertaken this study to confirm the association between BMI, weight loss and COPD and the relation to its severity. A cross section study of 100 patients with stable COPD have been identified and classified according to Global initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] guideline. BMI have been calculated according to the formula: BMI=Body Weight [kg]/Height[2] [kg/m[2]] Subjects; were classified according to the BMI in to three groups using World Health Organization guideline: underweight, normal weight and overweight also classified as current cigarette smokers and ex smokers. It had been shown in this study that the underweight more common in COPD [23%],compared with the control subjects only [7%].low BMI significantly associated with more severe stages of COPD and in current smoker than in Ex-smoker and with increase in age, but there is no significant difference between gender and nutritional status. Weight loss is a prevalent condition in patients with COPD and BMI can be used to assess this relationship there was an interaction between smoking habits and BMI in COPD patients. BMI correlates well with FEV1 and COPD severity and can be used by every clinician because it is a simple, inexpensive, readily available tool